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Borders of applicability

Owing to development of physics in the beginning of XX century the scope of classical mechanics was defined: its laws are carried out for movements which speed is much less than speed of light. It has been established, that with growth of speed the weight of a body increases. In general laws of classical mechanics of Newton are fair for a case of inertial systems of readout. In case of not inertial systems of readout a situation other. At the accelerated movement of not inertial system of coordinates concerning inertial system the first law of Newton (the law of inertia) in this system has no place, - free bodies in it will change eventually the speed of movement.

The first discrepancy in the classical mechanics has been revealed, then when the microcosm has been opened. In the classical mechanics of moving in space and definition of speed were studied without dependence from how these movings were realized. With reference to the phenomena of a microcosm the similar situation as has come to light, is impossible essentially. Here the existential localization underlying kinematics, is possible only for some special cases which depend on concrete dynamic conditions of movement. In macro scales use of kinematics is quite admissible. For micro scales where the leading role belongs to quantums, the kinematics studying movement without dependence from dynamic conditions, loses sense.

For scales of a microcosm and the second law of Newton has appeared insolvent - it is fair only for the phenomena of the big scale. Has come to light, that attempts to measure any size describing studied system, entails uncontrollable change of other sizes describing given system: if attempt to establish position in space and time it leads to uncontrollable change of the corresponding interfaced size which defines a dynamic condition of system is undertaken. So, it is impossible to measure precisely at a time two mutually interfaced sizes. Than value of one size describing system is more precisely defined, especially uncertain there is a value of the size interfaced to it. This circumstance has caused essential change of sights at understanding of the nature of things.

Discrepancy in classical mechanics recognized that the future in a sense completely contains in the present - to it and defines an opportunity of an exact prediction of behaviour of system during any future moment of time. Such opportunity offers simultaneous definition of mutually interfaced sizes. In the field of a microcosm it has appeared impossible, as makes essential changes to understanding of opportunities of a prediction and interrelation of natural phenomena: value of the sizes describing a condition of system during the certain moment of time, it is possible to establish time only from shares of uncertainty the opportunity of an exact prediction of values of these sizes during the subsequent moments of time is excluded, i.e. it is possible to predict only probability of reception of those or other sizes.

Other opening shaken resist classical mechanics, there were creations of the theory of a field. The classical mechanics tried to reduce all natural phenomena to the forces operating between particles of substance, - the concept of electric liquids was based on it. Within the limits of this concept real were only a substance and its changes - here the description of action of two electric charges by means of concepts concerning them admitted to the major. The description weeding between these charges, instead of charges was rather essential to understanding of action of charges. Here a simple example of infringement of the third law of Newton in such conditions: if the charged particle leaves from a conductor on which the current flows, and accordingly around of it the magnetic field resultant the force operating from the charged particle on a conductor with a current in accuracy is equal to zero is created.

The created new reality of a place in a mechanical picture of the world was not. As a result of the physicist began to deal with two realities - substance and a field. If the classical physics was under construction on concept of substance with revealing a new reality the physical picture of the world should be reconsidered. Attempts to explain the electromagnetic phenomena by means of an ether it has appeared insolvent. An ether experimentally to find out it was not possible. It has led to creation of the theory of the relativity, forced to reconsider representation about space and time, characteristic for classical physics. Thus, two concepts - the theory of quantums and the theory of a relativity - became the base to new physical concepts.