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The Primary goal of mechanics
Result of development of classical
mechanics was creation of a uniform mechanical picture of the world within the
limits of which all qualitative variety of the world spoke distinctions in
movement of the bodies, submitting to laws of NewtonТs mechanics. According to
a mechanical picture of the world if it was possible to explain the physical
phenomenon of the world on the basis of laws of mechanics such explanation
admitted scientific. The mechanics of Newton, thus, became the basis of a
mechanical picture of the world dominated over scientific revolution on a
boundary XIX and XX centuries.
Mechanics of Newton, unlike previous
mechanical concepts, enabled to solve a problem about any stage of movement, as
previous, and the subsequent, and in any point of space at the known facts
causing this movement, and also a return problem of definition of size and a
direction of action of these factors in any point at known basic elements of
movement. Owing to it the mechanics of Newton could be used as a method of the
quantitative analysis of mechanical movement. Any physical phenomena could be
studied as, irrespective of factors causing them. For example, it is possible
to calculate speed of the satellite of the Earth: For simplicity we shall find
speed of the satellite with an orbit equal to radius of the Earth (fig. 3).
With sufficient accuracy it is possible to equate acceleration of the satellite
to acceleration of free falling on a surface of the Earth:
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fig. 3
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On the other hand centripetal acceleration of the satellite:
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Therefore:
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Whence:
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This speed refers to as the first
space speed. The body of any weight to which such speed will be informed,
becomes the satellite of the Earth.
Laws
mechanics of Newton connected force not with movement, and with change of
movement. It has allowed to refuse traditional representations that for
maintenance of movement force is necessary, and to allocate to friction which
did force necessary in operating mechanisms for maintenance of movement, a
supporting role. Having established a dynamic sight at the world instead of
traditional static, Newton has made the dynamics a basis of theoretical
physics. Though Newton showed care in mechanical interpretations of the natural
phenomena, all the same considered desirable deducing from the beginnings of
mechanics of other natural phenomena. The further development of physics began
to be carried out in a direction of the further development of the device of
mechanics with reference to the decision of specific targets in process of
which decision the mechanical picture of the world became stronger.
