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The law of universal gravitation

It is considered, that a core of dynamics of Newton is the concept of force, and the primary goal of dynamics consists in an establishment of the law from the given movement and, on the contrary, in definition of the law of movement of bodies on the given force. From Kepler Newton's laws has deduced existence of the force directed to the Sun which was inversely proportional to a square of distance of planets from the Sun. Having generalized the ideas stated by Kepler, Gjujgensom, Descartes, Borelli, Gukom, Newton has given to them the exact form of the mathematical law according to which existence in the nature of force of universal gravitation causing an attraction ph. Force of gravitation affirmed is directly proportional to product of weights of gravitating bodies and in inverse proportion to a square of distance between them or is mathematical:

, Where G - a gravitational constant

The given law describes interaction of any bodies - important only that the distance between bodies was great enough in comparison with their sizes, it allows to accept bodies for material points. In the theory of gravitation of Newton is accepted, that force of gravitation is transferred from one gravitating body to another instantly, at what without means of any environments. The law of universal gravitation has caused long and furious discussions. It was not casual, as this law had the important philosophical value. The essence consist that up to Newton the purpose of creation of physical theories was revealing and representation of the mechanism of the physical phenomena in its all details. When it to make the argument about so-called " the latent qualities " which do not give in to detailed interpretation was not possible, put forward. Bacon and Descartes references to " the latent qualities " have declared unscientific. Descartes considered what to understand an essence of a natural phenomenon it is possible only in the event that it evidently to imagine. So, it represented the phenomena of gravitation by means of radio whirlwinds. In conditions of a wide circulation of similar representations the law of universal gravitation of Newton in spite of the fact that showed conformity made on its basis to astronomical supervision with unknown earlier accuracy, called in question on the ground that the mutual attraction of bodies very much reminded the doctrine of " the latent qualities ". And though Newton has established the fact of its existence on the basis of the mathematical analysis and experimental data, the mathematical analysis was not included yet strongly into consciousness of researchers as enough reliable method. But the aspiration to limit physical research by the facts which are not applying for absolute true, has allowed Newton to finish formation of physics as independent science and to separate it from physiophilosophy with its claims for absolute knowledge.

In the law of universal gravitation the science has received the sample of the law of the nature as absolutely exact, everywhere applicable rules, bar none, with precisely certain consequences. This law has been included by the Edging in its philosophy where the nature was represented by an empire of necessity as opposed to morals - to an empire of freedom.

The physical concept of Newton was an original wreath of physics of XVII century. The static approach to the Universe has been replaced dynamic. The experimental-mathematical method of research, having allowed to solve many problems of physics of XVII century, has appeared suitable for the decision of physical problems within two centuries.